The goal of my album is to create a new repertoire for classical guitar, inspired by the iconic themes of fado. This project goes beyond simple reinterpretation—it addresses key themes of cultural identity and the complexities of growing up between two worlds. Raised between Portugal and Switzerland, I’ve often felt torn between two cultures, never fully rooted in either. My work seeks to spark a conversation about identity, especially for those navigating multiple cultural worlds in search of their place.
This album is also a tribute to those who have been forced to leave their homeland, driven by difficult circumstances. It honors their experiences of uprooting, departure, and the search for belonging. By reimagining fado, I aim to celebrate stories of migration, resilience, and adaptation, while exploring the challenges faced by those living in the space between cultures.
Additionally, by creating new repertoire for the guitar, I hope to inspire composers and guitarists to view the classical guitar as an evolving instrument with limitless potential. Modern genres like jazz, folk, world music, and even experimental styles can expand the technical and emotional range of the instrument, offering fresh perspectives to classical guitar audiences and making it more inclusive and reflective of today’s world. Furthermore, new compositions can address contemporary themes such as identity, migration, and environmental issues, transforming the guitar into a medium for storytelling and social commentary.
"Tiago's arrangements are deeply personal, rooted in the Fado tradition while telling his own unique artistic story. They are stylistically rich, capturing the essence of Fado while making it expressive and accessible on classical guitar. This blend of tradition and innovation has resulted in arrangements that are original, perfectly suited to the instrument, and a valuable addition to the classical guitar repertoire." — Vojin Kocic.
It is difficult, if not impossible, to explain in a few words what Fado is. As Amália Rodrigues said: "O fado é um mistério. Nunca ninguém vai conguir explicá-lo!" - "Fado is a mystery. No one will ever be able to explain it!". But let's try to put it into words.
Fado is sung by singers called "Fadistas" who are accompanied by two instruments, the Portuguese guitar which flirts with the voice while the "viola de fado" provides rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment. But what makes Fado so unique? Fado is a pure and sincere expression of the deepest emotions emanating from the lyrics, and here lies the duty of the fadista, to convey the character of the lyrics through his voice in the most legitimate way. Melancholy, sadness, nostalgia and "saudade" are omnipresent themes in this music.
"A Saudade é a poesia do Fado". - Saudade is the poetry of Fado" - Fernando Pessoa
When I arrived at Zurich University of the Arts in 2019, I found an ideal environment to further develop my ideas. With the guidance of Anders Miolin and Vojin Kocic, I began playing some of Amália Rodrigues’ iconic themes on my guitar, all while immersing myself in the techniques of the Portuguese guitar. It didn’t take long for me to realize that there was an intriguing path to explore in the intersection of these two musical worlds.
One of the first questions I asked myself was about the choice of repertoire: which type of fado should I arrange, and how could I determine whether a specific fado would suit the classical guitar?
To answer this, I focused on two major families of fado: *Fado Tradicional* and *Fado Canção*.
*Fado Tradicional* is a more spontaneous style, defined by the improvisation of the Portuguese guitar and the originality of the lyrics sung by the fadistas (singers). Its adaptation for classical guitar is difficult, if not impossible. This type of music only comes to life through the creativity of the fadistas, who, after composing their lyrics, invite the musicians at fado houses to bring those words to life—without prior rehearsal. *Fado Tradicional* is a fleeting, one-time experience.
However, this personal and creative approach to *Fado Tradicional* inspired me to blend it with *Fado Canção*, a style whose characteristics lend themselves more easily to arrangements for classical guitar. *Fado Canção* is typically defined as a song with verses and a chorus, and the fado performer must remain faithful to its structure. Their role is more about interpretation than composition. Personally, I find it easier to arrange these familiar melodies and make subtle modifications, incorporating new elements that reflect the theme of cultural identity, as demonstrated in the examples above.
By merging the philosophy of *Fado Tradicional* with that of *Fado Canção*, and adding these themes, I seek to challenge a musical genre so closely tied to the Portuguese soul. At the same time, I take the liberty of emphasizing a significant aspect of Portuguese history: emigration.
"Barco Negro" is a *Fado Canção* that originated as "Mãe Preta," a song by Caco Velho and Piratini from the 1930s. The original lyrics were a sharp critique of colonial oppression, particularly slavery, and were censored by the PIDE (International Police and State Defense) under the regime of Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar. In 1955, with the release of Henri Verneuil's film *Les Amants du Tage*, the song was rewritten by David Mourão-Ferreira. The new version tells the story of a woman fearing that her lover no longer desires her. Renamed *Barco Negro*, this reinterpretation achieved international fame, largely thanks to the iconic fado singer Amália Rodrigues, who recorded the song.
The decision to arrange this piece was a personal tribute to my parents, who immigrated to Switzerland in the 1980s because during the first waves of emigration, families were often separated, as husbands were typically the first to be allowed to leave. The lyrics of *Barco Negro* resonate with a universal experience: the pain of departure, distance, and the particular fear of losing a loved one.
For my arrangement, I chose to use two guitars, inspired by Amália Rodrigues' rendition. Replacing the voice with the guitars allowed me to reimagine the song’s harmonic structure and explore new interpretations. Additionally, I incorporated elements from Caco Velho and Piratini’s version, blending Brazilian influences with the distinctive sounds of the Portuguese guitar and the classical guitar to create a fusion of colors and identities.
De manhã, que medo que me achasses feia,
Acordei tremendo deitada na areia.
Mas logo os teus olhos disseram que não!
E o sol penetrou no meu coração.
Vi depois numa rocha uma cruz
E o teu barco negro dançava na luz...
Vi teu braço acenando entre as velas já soltas...
Dizem as velhas da praia que não voltas.
São loucas... são loucas!
Eu sei meu amor, que nem chegaste a partir,
Pois tudo em meu redor me diz que estás sempre comigo.
Eu sei, meu amor, que nem chegaste a partir,
Pois tudo em meu redor me diz que estás sempre comigo.
No vento que lança areia nos vidros,
Na água que canta, no fogo mortiço,
No calor do leito, dos bancos vazios,
Dentro do meu peito estás sempre comigo.
Eu sei, meu amor, que nem chegaste a partir,
Pois tudo em meu redor me diz que estás sempre comigo.
Eu sei, meu amor, que nem chegaste a partir,
Pois tudo em meu redor me diz, que estás sempre comigo.
"Uma Casa Portuguesa" is undoubtedly one of the most famous Fado melodies. I chose to play with the meaning of the title, which literally translates to "a Portuguese house." The lyrics describe the most iconic aspects of a traditional Portuguese home. However, for my arrangement, I wanted to approach the lyrics from a different perspective, introducing the viewpoint of a young child, the son of an immigrant, who questions whether his home is truly a Portuguese house or a Swiss one.
As I mentioned earlier, being the son of an immigrant, I often struggled to figure out where I truly belonged. At home, I spoke Portuguese with my family, and Portuguese culture was all around me. But at school, I spoke French, learned to read and write in French, and my friends were all French-speaking, so I was adapting to a different culture. I knew my classmates felt the same way. They spoke French with me, but at home, it was Spanish, Italian, German, English, or Albanian. When I visited their homes, I experienced other cultures and habits. Deep down, I knew they all had the same question: "Do I belong more to my home culture or to the school culture?" And they also wondered when visiting family: "Do you feel more Swiss or more from here?"
This question always made me uncomfortable, as I never knew how to answer. At school, I was "the Portuguese," but with my aunts and uncles, I was "the Swiss." From these reflections, I developed the central theme of my arrangement: I belong completely to both. The album will feature a version of "Uma Casa Portuguesa" that blends Swiss-inspired tunes with the original melody.
My identity is shaped by this blend of cultures and interactions, which has given me a sense of empathy and openness toward everything around me. It would be unfair—and even dangerous, in my view—to define myself by a percentage of belonging. In our globalized society, it's essential to value, understand, and listen to these traditions. Forgetting or dividing them would be equally harmful. The beauty of this mix lies in these differences that listen to and respect each other. To reflect this idea, my arrangement is built around two themes that complement and support each other through a subtle counterpoint: the main theme of "Uma Casa Portuguesa" is enriched by a counterpoint inspired by a Genevan theme, "Cé qu'è lainô".
Numa casa portuguesa fica bem
Pão e vinho sobre a mesa
E se à porta humildemente bate alguém
Senta-se à mesa com a gente
Fica bem essa franqueza, fica bem
Que o povo nunca a desmente
A alegria da pobreza
Está nesta grande riqueza
De dar e ficar contente.
Quatro paredes caiadas
Um cheirinho a alecrim
Um cacho d'uvas doiradas
Duas rosas num jardim
Um São José de azulejos
Mais o Sol da primavera
Uma promessa de beijos
Dois braços à minha espera.
É uma casa portuguesa com certeza
Lá é com certeza uma casa portuguesa
No conforto pobrezinho do meu lar
Há fartura de carinho
E à cortina da janela, o luar
Mais o sol que bate nela
Basta pouco, poucochinho pra alegrar
Uma existência singela
É só amor, pão e vinho
E um caldo verde verdinho
A fumegar na tigela.
Quatro paredes caiadas
Um cheirinho a alecrim
Um cacho d'uvas doiradas
Duas rosas num jardim
Um São José de azulejos
Mais o Sol da primavera
Uma promessa de beijos
Dois braços à minha espera.
É uma casa portuguesa com certeza
É com certeza uma casa portuguesa
É uma casa portuguesa com certeza
É com certeza uma casa portuguesa
The project was supported and validated by leading musicians on the classical guitar scene such as Pavel Steidl, Anders Miolin, Vojin Kocic, Jaime Zenamon and Elodie Bouny, to whom I had the opportunity to present my arrangements.
I also organized two trips to Lisbon with the sole aim of meeting and chatting with fado players to learn more about fado and show them my arrangements. The feedback has been very enthusiastic, and they are very happy with the creation of this project, which will also enable fado to open up to other surroundings.
The project also brings together several artists, all of whom participated in the making of the album:
Producer and manager - Gwen Buord, StudioChroma
Musicians - Lorenzo Reggiani, Raphaël Duchosal Binaz, Nicolas Urrego
Drawings and illustrations - Lucas Junod Bustillo
Consultant/Coach - Anders Miolin, Vojin Kocic
Inspiration - Amália Rodrigues